PASSAGE+TWO

//The following words are drawn from passage two of the diagnostic AP Exam we experienced the first week of class.// toc Adulation- to show excessive admiration or devotion to; flatter or admire servilely. Benevolent- characterized by expressing goodwill or kindly feelings; desiring to help others; charitable; intended for benefits rather than for profits Censors- One that condemns or censures; A person authorized to examine books, films, or other material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable. Coarse- composed of large parts of particles; lacking in fineness or delicacy of texture, structure, etc.; harsh, gratin Despotism- the exercise of absolute authority Dissenter- a person who disagrees with the methods or doctrines of an established policy Eminence- high station, rank, or repute: philosophers of eminence. Encomium- A formal expression of high praise; a tribute Enmity- a condition of hostility; hatred; ill will; animosity; antagonism Fetters- Chains or shackles placed around the feet Headsmen- executioners Indigent- lacking the necessities of life; impoverished. Odious- deserving or causing hatred or dislike; hateful; detestable Onerous- burdensome, oppressive. causing hardship Recapitulate- to review by a brief summary, as at the end of a speech or discussion; summarize Ribald- vulgar or indecent in speech, language, etc.; coarsely mocking, abusive, or irreverent; scurrilous Solicit -to seek or request for something
 * Each entry contains the following seven parts: Word, pronunciation (sound link or phonetic spelling), full definition(s) + samples, sentence from passage, image and memory tip.**

A-F
ADULATION - Definition: To show excessive admiration or devotion to; flatter or admire servilely. - Pronunciation: [aj-uh-ley'-shun] [|Hear it pronounced.] - Sample Sentence: The dog always greeted its owner with //adulation//. - Original Sentence: No writer, whatever be his eminence, can escape paying this tribute of //adulation// to his fellow citizens. (passage 2, line 44) - Image: - Memory Tip: Adulation sounds like adoration. Convenient, right? - Hannah Lebovitz

BENEVOLENT - Definition: Characterized by expressing goodwill or kindly feelings; desiring to help others; charitable; intended for benefits rather than for profits. - Pronunciation: [ b uh - nev - uh -l uh nt ] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The professor proved a tough professor, but a //benevolent// grader. - Original Sentence: The //benevolent// millionaire donated much of his savings to humane chairites. (passage 2, line 44) - Image: - Memory Tip: Benevolent is never violent. - Weikang Sun

CENSORS - Definition: One that condemns or censures; A person authorized to examine books, films, or other material and to remove or suppress what is considered morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable. - Pronunciation: [sěn'sər] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The agent in the unconscious that is responsible for //censorship//. - Orginal Sentence: Question number 18. - Image: - Memory Tip: Think about "sense" If you sense something you can question it's terms - Anna Doran

COARSE - Definition: Composed of large parts of particles; lacking in fineness or delicacy of texture, structure, etc.; harsh, grating. - Pronunciation: [ kawrs, kohrs] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The stiff, //coarse// fabric irritated her skin. - Original Sentence: Fetters and headsmen were the //coarse// instruments that tyranny formerly employed; but civilization of our age has perfected despotism itself, though it seemed to have nothing to learn. (passage 2, line 1) - Image: - Memory Tip: Think of like sand, and sand paper, its grainy and rough. - Madhuri Paravastu

DESPOTISM - Definition: The exercise of absolute authority. - Pronunciation: [ des -p uh -tiz- uh m] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The country was ruled by a //despot//. - Original Sentence: Fetters and headsmen were the coarse instruments that tyranny formerly employed; but civilization of our age has perfected //despotism// itself, though it seemed to have nothing to learn. (passage 2, line 3) . - Image: - Memory Tip: Think of coffee as the controlling force that keeps you awake during the day. "The //desPOT// of coffee." - Jenna Floyd

DISSENTER - Definition: A person who disagrees with the methods or doctrines of an established policy - Pronunciation: [ dih- sen -ter] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: Although she was accused of being a //dissenter//, the woman wanted to ensure that the policies were fair and applicable to all. - Original Sentence: Question number 26. - Image: - Memory Tip: The root word of dissenter is dissent, which is a homonym with descent, meaning to go down. Often times dissenters go down slopes that aren't meant to be traversed, so think of it as a descent into unwant - Kathleen Johnson

EMINENCE - Definition: High station, rank, or repute: philosophers of eminence - Pronunciation: [ em - uh -n uh ns] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: When speaking to the Pope you should address him as, your //eminence//. - Original Sentence: No writer, whatever be his //eminence//, can escape paying this tribute of adulation to his fellow citizens. (passage 2, line 44) - Image: - Memory Tip: Eminence rhymes with importance, and in order to be eminent you GOTTA be important. - Scott Pyle

ENCOMIUM - Definition: A formal expression of high praise; a tribute - Pronunciation: [ěn-kō'mē-əm] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The caterer received numerous //encomiums// for his chocolate cake. - Original Sentence: The smallest reproach irritates its sensibility, and the slightest joke that has any foundation in truth renders it indignant; from the forms of its language up to the solid virtues of its character, everything must be made the subject of //enconium//. (passage 2, line 43) - Image: - Memory Tip: I think remembering this scene in //The Praise of Folly// is enough to help one's memory. - Rebekah Vaughan

ENMITY - Definition: a condition of hostility; hatred; ill will; animosity; antagonism - Pronunciation: [ en -mi-tee] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: He could no longer contain his //enmity//. - Original Sentence: Question number 31. - Image: - Memory Tip: "Enmity" sounds a lot like "enemy." When you have an enemy, you have enmity towards them. Just make sure you don't spell it wrong! - XiXi Tian

FETTERS - Definition: Chains or shackles placed around the feet - Pronunciation: [ fet -er] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The //fetters// were so heavy that he could not walk - Original Sentence: //Fetters// and headsmen were the coarse instruments that tyranny formerly employed; but civilization of our age has perfected //despotism// itself, though it seemed to have nothing to learn. (passage 2, line 1) - Image: - Memory Tip: Fetter sounds like fitter, and shackles fit your legs very tightly. - Alex Thoennes

G-M
HEADSMEN - Definition: A public executioner who beheads condemned persons. - Pronunciation: [ hedz -m uh n] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: - Original Sentence: Fetters and //headsmen// were the coarse instruments that tyranny formerly employed; but civilization of our age has perfected //despotism// itself, though it seemed to have nothing to learn. (passage 2, line 1) - Image: - Memory Tip: //Headsmen// cut the //heads// off of //men//. - Dan Grieco

INDIGENT - Definition: Lacking the necessities of life; impoverished. - Pronunciation: [ in -di-j uh nt] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The //indigent// defendant was provided with counsel. - Original Sentence: Did not find this in passage 2. - Image: - Memory Tip: The last part of indigent is gent which is like gentleman. No gentleman is indigent. - Haley Stuckey

**N-S**
ODIOUS - Definition: Deserving or causing hatred or dislike; hateful; detestable - Pronunciation: [ oh -dee- uh s ] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: She is an //odious// young woman. - Original Sentence: Absolute monarchies has dishonored despotism; let us beware lest democratic republis should reinstate it and render it less //odious// and degrading in the eyes of the many by making it still more onerous to the few. (passage 2, line 30) - Image: - Memory Tip: Odium is hatred, odious is the act of hatred - Anna Doran

ONEROUS - Definition: Burdensome, oppressive. causing hardship. - Pronunciation: [on-er-//uh//s] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: We had an //onerous// agreement. - Original Sentence: Absolute monarchies has dishonored despotism; let us beware lest democratic republis should reinstate it and render it less odious and degrading in the eyes of the many by making it still more //onerous// to the few. (passage 2, line 31) . - Image: - Memory Tip: Think of oppressive and then think of onerous. - Neesath Shah

RECAPITULATE - Definition: To review by a brief summary, as at the end of a speech or discussion; summarize. - Pronunciation: [ ree-k uh - pich - uh -leyt] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: Let's //recapitulate// the main ideas. - Original Sentence: Question number 27. - Image: - Memory Tip: recap, short, meaning summarize. Or for those music people who know that the recapitulation in a sonata form is the summary or reinstatement of the main theme (exposition). - Weikang Sun

RIBALD - Definition: Vulgar or indecent in speech, language, etc.; coarsely mocking, abusive, or irreverent; scurrilous - Pronunciation: [ ri -b uh ld] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentence: The man was //ribald// because of his vulgar language. - Original Sentence: Question number 19. - Image: - Memory Tip: If you play with an animals "ribs" you may be acting ribald. - Anna Doran

SOLICIT - Definition: To seek or request for something - Pronunciation: [ s uh - lis -it] [|Hear it pronounced] - Sample Sentences: He //solicited// aid from the minister. - Original Sentences: You may retain your civil rights, but they will be useless to you, for you will never be chosen by your fellow citizens if you //solicit// their votes; and they will affect to scorn you if you ask for their esteem. (passage 2, line 19) - Image: - Memory Tip: Think of the "No Soliciting" signs, they mean that the building doesn't want to be asked for donations, etc... - Haley Stuckey