PASSAGE+FOUR

//The following words are drawn from passage four of the diagnostic AP Exam we experienced the first week of class.// toc
 * Each entry contains the following seven parts: Word, pronunciation (sound link or phonetic spelling), full definition(s) + samples, sentence from passage, image and memory tip.**

A-F
ALLEGORY __definition__ 1. a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another. 2. a symbolical narrative __pronunciation__ al- uh- gohr- ee __sample sentence__ The blindfolded figure with scales is an allegory of justice. John Bunyan's //Pilgrim's Progress// and Herman Melville's //Moby Dick// are allegories. __original sentence__ Many of the novels we read in A.P. Literature are allegories because of their deep meanings and symbolism. __image__ __http://dreamers.com/indices/imagenes/libros.398.IMAGEN1.jpg__ __memory tip__ -Abby Hoekstra

BETWIXT definition: In the space which separates; between. pronunciation: be-'twikst [|Hear it pronounced.] sample sentence: She was betwixt a rock and a hard place. original sentence: "...yet there is still a vast difference betwixt the slovenly butchering of a man, and the fineness of a stroke that separates the head from the body, and leaves it standing in its place." image: memory tip: Betwixt and between are synonyms, and they sound similar. Betwixt is more fun to say. -Hannah Lebovitz ESOTERIC definition:understood by or meant for only the select few who have special knowledge or interest; belonging to the select few; private, secret; confidential. pronunciation: [es-//uh//-**ter**-ik] sample sentence: Some poetry is full of esoteric allusions//.// original sentence: image: memory tip: the word secret is in esoteric. -Madhuri Paravastu

G-M
GROSSNESS __definition__ 1. The quality of lacking taste and refinement. 2. The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness. __pronunciation__ __sample sentence__ //It is futile to expect a hungry and squalid population to be anything but violent and gross"// //(Thomas H. Huxley).// __original sentence__ I thought that the grossness of the fat man's behavior was completely inappropriate. __image__ [|http://barfblog.foodsafety.ksu.edu/Picture%201(3).jpg] memory tip- -Abby Hoekstra
 * gross'ness**

HYPERBOLE definition: an obvious and intentional exaggeration; an extravagant statement or figure of speech not meant to be taken literally; pronunciation: sample sentence: The teacher used a hyperbole to exaggerate his point. original sentence: Every knew him to be dramatic; he used hyperboles all the time. image: memory tip: "Hyper" means very or extremely, and hyperbole is the extreme of something. I thought the image was pretty clever. "Captain Hyperbole: The Greatest Superhero Ever!" -XiXi Tian INVECTIVE definition:1)as a noun it means an abusive expression or speech. 2) as an adjective it means of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse pronunciation:http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/audio.pl?invect01.wav=invective sample sentence: He had expected criticism but not the invective that greeted his proposal. original sentence: After Mark had spewed out his invective words, Max went outside and cried. image: memory tip: Invective has a harsh ring to it when said out loud, and think of that it means abusive language. - Cheryl Liang KNAVE definition:a tricky deceitful fellow pronunciation:http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/audio.pl?knave001.wav=knave sample sentence://He that cheats another is a knave; but he that cheats himself is a fool.// — Karl G. Maeser (1828-1901) original sentence: Rick believed that Sam was a knave because he was such an opportunist. image: memory tip: Knave rhymes with cave and caves are dark places so think of knave and of a dark person. - Cheryl Liang MALEFACTOR definition:one who commits an offense against the law pronunciation:http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/audio.pl?malefa02.wav=malefactor sample sentence: "Meanwhile, lest anything should really be amiss, or any malefactor seek to escape by the back, you and the boy must go round the corner with a pair of good sticks and take your post at the laboratory door". -Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Stevenson, Robert Louis original sentence: The judge delivered the verdict to the solemn malefactor. image: memory tip: In Spanish, //mal// means bad, so think that this word means something bad when you see malefactor. - Cheryl Liang
 * hy·per·bo·le**

N-S
OPPROBRIOUS definition:outrageously disgraceful or shameful. pronunciation: sample sentence: sally was approbrious when she fell down the stairs. original sentence: image: memory tip:opprobrious sounds like " in- appropriate", so when someone is disgraceful, they are acting inappropriately. - Madhuri Paravastu

RAILLERY definition: good-humored ridicule; banter pronunciation: rey-l //uh// -ree [|Pronunciation] sample sentence: "I moved from one knot of people to another, surrounded by a kind of envious respect because of Sophie's interest in me, although subjected to a certain mordant **raillery** from some of this witty company. I moved from one knot of people to another, surrounded by a kind of envious respect because of Sophie's interest in me, although subjected to a certain mordant **raillery** from some of this witty company." original sentence: Her raillery of herself in her conversation made the tension ease between the two on their first date.

image: memory tip: the verb rail means to speak bitterly against or violently complain about, but raillery as a noun is a milder form of it. - Rebekah Vaughan

ROGUE - Aaron Michaels -defintion: a dishonest, knavish person; scoundrel (noun) or no longer obedient, belonging, or accepted and hence not controllable or answerable; deviating, renegade (adj.) -pronounciation: Link [|Here] -sample sentence: //I wouldn't buy a car from a rogue like him.// -original sentence: //The rogue cop listened to no one but himself.// memory tip: When thinking of "rogue" think "renegade". Someone that is not controllable.

SLOVENLY - Aaron Michaels -defintion: untidy or unclean in appearance or habits.(adj) in an untidy, careless, or slipshod manner (adverb) -pronounciation: Link [|Here] -sample sentence: //Thomas is slovenly. He cleans his room by simply throwing everything into his closet.// -original sentence//: I disliked Eric's slovenly work on papers. I have to have everything neat and tidy.// memory tip: When thinking of slovenly the sound "slov" sound a lot like "slob".

SYLLOGISM - Aaron Michaels -defintion: an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument. deductive reasoning -pronounciation: Link [|Here] -sample sentence: I used deductive thinking and existing statements to create a syllogism. -original sentence: I used Aristotle's famous syllogism to relate A & C.I knew A and B were related and B and C were related which then means A and C are related. memory tip: Simply think of Aristotle's Syllogism. This syllogism is deductive thinking.