8AM+ALLUSIONS

//**WELCOME, 8AM AP WONDERS!

Kwame Nkrumah: born 1909 -1st president of Ghana -organized Pan-African Congress in 1945 -eventually became dictator/cult leader, so he was overthrown -died in exile in Bucharest, Romania in 1972
 * dream was a United States of Africa

Ossie Davis Born: December 18, 1917 Birth Name: Raiford Chatman Davis Made his Broadway debut in "Jeb" First movie role was in "No Way Out" in 1950 Married Ruby Dee in 1948 and wrote a joint autobiography entitled "With Ossie and Ruby: In This Life Together" Was an actor, performer, and political activist Died February 4, 2005 during the making of his film "Retirement" -Amanda Lawler 8:00

Marcus Garvey and the UNIA**// Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914. This was one of the first organizations that fought for black rights. It began with thirteen members and within three months had reached three-thousand-five-hundred. Garvey and UNIA worked to unite African-Americans to help better their conditions. Garvey’s goal was to unite the blacks of the world to form one nation. He advocated that all blacks leave the United States and immigrate back to Africa. Garvey worked as the editor of the newspaper, //The Negro World//, where the ideas of the UNIA were published.



Ryan Woodall

Anna Vaughn //**

Nasser (Gamal Abdel)

Gamal Adbel Nasser was born January 15, 1918. In his lifetime he served as Egypts second president and as the first president of the United Arab Republic. He encouraged a revolution in 1952 which saw the overthrow of King Farouk I and led to Egypt's industrialization. He introduced pan-Arab ideas and was a founder of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Nasser was one of the leaders whom Malcolm X visited while on his travels. Alex Scharf

Percy Sutton**// Born: November 24, 1920 Occupation: Lawyer and Entrepreneur Fought for Civil Rights with NAACP and as Malcom X's attorney. Co-Founded the first Black-owned radio station in New York City. Reopened the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Called Malcom X "a revolutionary...a gentle man, a kind man, a concerned man." in the foreward.


 * [[image:PercySutton(Business).gif]] Ellyn Polley

Mary McLeod Bethune Born:** July 10th, 1875 in Mayesville, SC -founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls (now Bethune-Cookman College) in 1904 -president of the National Associacion of Colored Women -Director of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration -founded the National Council of Negro Women within the U.N. -Vice President of the NAACP
 * Taylor Bruns**

** An American writer who never ceased to reflect on his experience as a black man in white America. In all of his works, Baldwin spoke of the pain and struggle of black Americans and the saving power of brotherhood. //Go Tell It on the Mountain,// his first great work, was an autobiographical account of growing up in Harlem. After the assassinations of his friends Medgar Evers, Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X, Baldwin began work on a book about the disillusionment of the times, //If Beale Street Could Talk// (1974).
 * James Baldwin
 * Maggie Irvin

Marvin Worth -- Melissa Seeborg**

=
Marvin Worth was an American born film director and producer raised in Brooklyn, New York. He was born on June 26th, 1925 and died on April 22, 1998 from lung cancer. He began his career at a young age by writing scripts for many comedy shows including ‘The Steve Allen Show’, of which he later won a Peabody award for. In 1972, he received an Oscar nomination for his documentary ‘Malcolm X’. Later in 1992, Worth worked with Spike Lee on another film version of Malcolm’s life, also titled ‘Malcolm X’. Throughout his lifetime, Worth received a total of three Oscar nominations for his feature films.=====

** Louis Lomax was born on August 16, 1922. He taught philosophy at Georgia State College for a short time and later became a reporter, a journalist, and an author. His reports focused on the Civil Right Movement and groups such as the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam. A few of the books Lomax wrote include //The Reluctant African// (1960), //When the Word Is Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and Black Muslim World// (1963), and //To Kill a Black Man// (1968). While doing a documentary on the Nation of Islam, Lomax interviewed Malcolm X. Lomax was killed in a car accident in 1970.
 * Louis Lomax - Paige Knippenberg

He was born in 1904 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Because he was a member of the royal family, he received many responsibilities at a young age. When Prince Faisal became King (he ruled from 1964 to 1975) he made many economic and social changes within the nation. He was known for being Anti-Communist and having strong ties with the West (which was criticized later in his regime). He also was known for his conservative Islamic ideology and the slowness of his reforms which led to his assassination by his nephew in 1975. His association with Malcolm X is that Malcolm X made his pilgrimage to Mecca (also known as hajj) during Faisal’s regime. Prince Faisal actually invited Malcolm X so that he could complete one of the five pillars of Islam.
 * // Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia: Ila Sruti //**

Born: April 14, 1914 Occupation: Director, Producer, Story/Screenwriter, Teleplay Wrote the screenstory for Fiddler on the Roof in 1971. Also was the screenwriter, producer, and director of the film __Malcolm X; His Own Story as it Really Happened__ in1972. His movie (__Malcolm X; His Own Story as it Really Happened)__ won an award for Best Documentary Feature He died December 11, 1971 before the movie was completed and Spike Lee had to take over for the final stages in its creation.
 * Arnold Perl: Emily Donnan**

The Nation of Islam The Nation of Islam is an American organization founded in Detroit in 1930 with the purpose of forwarding the progress of African Americans and of the Muslim faith in America. The Nation of Islam, aside from its social agenda, does not exactly follow the doctine of Islam as they believe that there is only one God, Allah, but they also believe that this God was personified in their founder, Walla

The Apollo- Rob Hanson
 * Constructed in 1914
 * Black people were originally not allowed in the audience
 * In 1934, Ralph Cooper hosted his radio show "Amateur Night Hour at the Apollo"
 * Kick started many careers-Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, James Brown
 * Turned into a movie theater in 1975
 * Reopened in 2005 after a $65 million renovation

A. Philip Randolph

- Founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters - Civil Rights Leader - Was largely influenced by W.E.B. du Bois's //The Souls of Black Folks -// Joined the Socialist of Eugene V. Debs at 21 - Proposed a march on Washington in 1941 for civil rights - Earned the Presidential Medal of Freedom from LBJ



-Allison Vaughn Harry Belafonte: born 1927-present -A Jamaican American musician, actor and social activist -One of the most successful popular singers in history -Used his music to speak out against racism -Freedom songs include- "Banana Boat Song, "We are the World", "Freedom Summer" Kieran Pereira